Augmentation mammoplasty is a type of plastic surgery aimed at enlarging the breast and correcting its shape.The operation is carried out using special implants, which in no way look inferior to natural mammary glands.
What is this
Breast augmentation with implants is a plastic surgery that corrects the mammary glands.This technique is applied to women who have sagging breasts, changes in shape and volume, for example following pregnancy or breastfeeding.
Augmentation mammoplasty is one of the surgical methods of breast enlargement and correction of its shape.
The operation is prescribed after a complete examination and is carried out in a hospital environment.
In this case, implants of different shapes, contents and volumes are used, which can be installed under the fascia, gland or pectoralis major muscle.
The location of the incisions may also vary.To avoid the development of complications after the procedure, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the rules of care.
To make the mammary glands look more natural after surgery, the specialist will give recommendations on choosing the size of the implants.
Types of prostheses
All materials are divided into several varieties.
By content
They are classified into several types.
Silicone
They consist of a cohesive gel of varying degrees of density.The peculiarity of such implants is that if they are damaged, they do not leak.
Salt
Filling: saline solution.These products are less popular than others, but their cost will be slightly lower.Additionally, they have a shorter shelf life and when worn under the skin, lumps and bumps can form.
The placement of selected implants is a key step in augmentation mammoplasty.
The rehabilitation process and its pain will depend on their correct location and contact with the tissues.
Thanks to competent actions of the surgeon, most complications can be easily avoided.
Hydrogel
This is a new generation bioimplant.It is completely compatible with the human body, which almost completely eliminates the risk of rejection.Hydrogel has many positive properties and its quality is in no way inferior to silicone prostheses.Their advantage is elasticity, safety and non-toxicity.
By shape
Experts distinguish between round and teardrop implants.The former are used for minor changes in the mammary glands.Breast augmentation with round implants is suitable for women who want to achieve a natural breast shape.
By surface type and profile
The surface of the dentures can be smooth or rough.
There are also high and low implants.
When choosing a product, the doctor must take into account age, weight, height, body shape, structure of the sternum, condition of the mammary glands and their size.
Access methods
To insert an implant into the chest cavity, specialists use three types of tissue dissection, resulting in the replacement of the empty space.
Periareolar
Breast tissue is dissected at the location of the areola.The main advantage of this technique is that the doctor has the opportunity not only to correct the shape of the nipple, but also to change its position.
The scar after surgery almost completely disappears over time.
Inframammary
An incision is made along the crease line under the breast.In terms of scar inconspicuousness, this method is considered the most practical, since the seam is located where the mammary gland covers the skin of the torso.
Axillary
Involves incisions in the area near the armpits.The method is sloppy and more complex;the scars will be located in a visible place.Furthermore, in this case it is difficult to correctly place the implants in the pocket located between the mammary gland and the muscle.
Location of prostheses
They can be placed under the muscle fascia, under the mammary gland or under the pectoralis major muscle.A combined method is often used, in which several localization tactics are combined at once.
Difficulty categories
To determine this indicator, the following values must be taken into account:
- tipaccess;
- volumesurgery;
- anatomicalfeaturesand the desired size of the prosthesis;
- generalstatecustomers;
- presence of a loved onerestrictionsto the operation.
Plastic surgery involves three categories of complexity.
First of all
Complexity 1st degree augmentation mammoplasty involves periareolar access and endoprostheses.At the same time, the method is characterized by moderate trauma and minimal surgical intervention.
Second
The patient's condition is satisfactory.Prostheses with vertical scar are made;assumes a medium level of intervention and injury.
Third
There are relative limitations that can lead to complications.An anchor lift is performed, during which the implants are installed.
Indications
Mammoplasty is performed not only to improve the appearance of the mammary glands, but also to eliminate deformities and other defects.
The main indications for plastic surgery are:
- littlesizebreasts;
- asymmetry;
- subsidencebreast or areola prolapse, which can occur against the background of rapid weight loss;
- changeformsfollowing lactation or childbirth;
- hyperpigmentationlollipop;
- poorly executedplasticbefore that;
- deformationcongenital roundness.
However, the main factor remains the aesthetic transformation.
Contraindications
Correction of the mammary glands using gel or silicone prostheses has its absolute and relative limitations.
The first group includes:
- diseasesinternal organs affected by serious illness;
- ageup to 18 years old;
- early childhood periodfood;
- cancer;
- mentalepileptic abnormalities and seizures;
- breachcoagulabilityblood;
- infections.
Relative contraindications include:
- fibrous knotsinside the mammary gland;
- bigweight;
- syphilisand HIV;
- chronic formhepatitis;
- diseasesautoimmunesystems, e.g. rheumatism, nephritis, scleroderma;
- varicose veinsdilation of veins
In addition, it is not recommended to carry out surgery for diabetes mellitus at the compensation stage.The operation will have to be postponed during menstruation or in case of an unreasonable increase in body temperature.
Preparation
Augmentation mammoplasty includes preparation.
An important point is to consult certain specialists.The surgeon examines the mammary glands, the condition of the skin in this area and determines the size and volume of the breast.In addition, the doctor will inform you about the actions taken during the surgical procedure, the consequences and the result.
A consultation with a gynecologist, a mammologist and a therapist will help identify possible limitations of surgery.The anesthesiologist will help determine the presence of individual intolerance and a tendency to develop an allergic reaction to the drugs and materials used.
After this, the patient is referred for laboratory testing, which may include the following tests:
- blood and urine;
- biochemistry;
- for HIV, syphilis and hepatitis;
- sugar test;
- by group and Rh factor;
- coagulogram.
The instrumental examination consists of performing fluorography, x-rays, electrocardiograms and ultrasounds.
In the presence of pathological processes occurring in a chronic form, it will be necessary to obtain a report from the attending physician, which will indicate the duration of remission.
If no contraindications to surgical intervention have been identified, the woman should follow a number of recommendations at the preparation stage.
No later than a week and a half before the due date, you must stop smoking and drinking alcohol.Do not expose the body to stressful situations and nervous overstrain.You will also need to stop taking medications that reduce blood clotting.
Execution technique
Arrival at the clinic is possible the day before or directly on the day of the surgical procedure.Before that, the doctor may advise the patient to take a sedative in the evening, which will help relieve nervous tension and ensure good sleep.In the morning, at the hospital, the woman's blood pressure and body temperature are measured.
After that, the specialist administers general anesthesia.The surface of the skin at the level of the mammary glands is treated with an antiseptic solution, catheters are installed and the body is connected to a special device that allows you to monitor the condition of the body during the operation.
After the effect of anesthesia, the doctor proceeds directly to the manipulation itself.A cut of the required length is made in a pre-selected area.The tissue is carefully peeled away to form a pocket into which the implant will then be placed.To stop the bleeding, the vessels are cauterized.
Next, the surgeon removes the stent and installs it in the desired position through the incision.After all the manipulations are completed, a suture and a fixing bandage are applied to the wound.The mammary glands are supported by shapewear, which will prevent the implant from moving sideways.
Recovery period
First of all, it is necessary to take care of the wound surface, which will not only avoid the formation of pustular formations, but also speed up the healing process.
Typically, self-absorbing sutures are applied over the incision and do not require removal.After about 7 days, the patient will only need to remove the nodules that protrude from the surface of the skin.
To avoid scarring, you will need to apply a bandage over the seam and wear a corset.
Since in the first days after the operation the woman will be bothered by pronounced pain, the specialist will recommend taking painkillers to eliminate it.Antibiotics are prescribed to reduce the risk of infection.
To relieve swelling, you should not take a hot shower or bath or expose your body to physical activity for two weeks.To prevent capsular contracture, it is necessary to massage the breasts, but this can be done no earlier than 2 weeks after implant placement.
For 5 days you should avoid visiting the sauna, bathhouse and solarium.Tanning in direct sunlight is also prohibited.
Particular attention should be paid to diet during the recovery period.Food should be light and easily digestible.You need to include more iron-containing fruits and vegetables and fortified cocktails in your diet.
Complications
All possible side effects are divided into two groups.
Early
This category includes the formation of bruises, microhematomas, swelling and pain.Such phenomena are not dangerous for human health and disappear on their own within a few days.
Late
This group includes:
- openingbleeding– vascular lesions contribute to the development of complications;
- seroma– appears, as a general rule, a few hours after the intervention, the patient must therefore remain in a hospital environment for 1 to 3 days;
- losssensitivitynipple-areolar complex - often occurs as a result of damage to the tactile nerve;
- hematomas;
- suppurationat the site of sutures - the main cause of complications is non-compliance with septic and antiseptic rules;
- educationkeloidsscars and enlarged tissues;
- breakage ordeflation(expiration) of the prosthesis;
- dystopiaimplants;
- capsularfibrous type contracture.
Each of the above consequences requires immediate medical intervention.
Augmentation mammoplasty is a complex surgical procedure that requires highly skilled surgeons.Therefore, before making a decision about breast augmentation with implants, you should weigh the pros and cons and take seriously the choice of the clinic where the manipulation will be carried out.